This scholarly study demonstrates âthat while post-Hurricane Katrina New Orleans is changing, the vibrant traditions of jazz . . . must continueâ (Journal of African American History). An examination of the musical, religious, and political landscape of black New Orleans before and after Hurricane Katrina, this revised edition looks at how these factors play out in a new millennium of global apartheid. Richard Brent Turner explores the history and contemporary significance of second linesâthe group of dancers who follow the first procession of church and club members, brass bands, and grand marshals in black New Orleansâs jazz street parades. Here music and religion interplay, and Turnerâs study reveals how these identities and traditions from Haiti and West and Central Africa are reinterpreted. He also describes how second line participants create their own social space and become proficient in the arts of political disguise, resistance, and performance.